What is the Difference Between Higher Courts and Lower Courts in India?

The lower judiciary includes trial courts such as District Courts and Magistrate courts, where civil and criminal cases are first heard. These courts record evidence, examine witnesses, conduct trials, and deliver initial judgments or orders. 

The higher judiciary consists of the High Courts and the Supreme Court of India.

High Courts hear appeals from subordinate courts, interpret laws, issue writs, and exercise supervisory jurisdiction, while the Supreme Court is the final appellate court, constitutional interpreter, and guardian of fundamental rights. 

In short, lower courts decide cases first, and higher courts review decisions and clarify legal principles.