What is a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC)?

A Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) is an ad-hoc (temporary) body formed to conduct a "deep dive" into complex legislative bills or major controversies. Unlike standing committees, a JPC is created for a specific task and dissolves once its report is tabled.

It acts as a "mini-Parliament," allowing for detailed scrutiny that is often impossible during heated floor debates. The committee is composed of members from both Houses, traditionally following a 21:10 ratio between the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

A JPC has sweeping powers to summon experts, government officials, and stakeholders to provide evidence under oath.

While its recommendations are advisory and not legally binding, the government must formally explain its response to the findings via an "Action Taken Report."